These are images from A Feat of Crowds, the fourth volume of the series A Song of Sheep and Horses. This fourth volume contains supplementary materials for the other main three volumes: the first two (A Game of Clans & A Clash of Chiefs), on prehistoric migrations associated with Eurasian languages; and the third one (A Song of Sheep and Horses), on Indo-Uralic languages.
The PCA graphs are modified to illustrate the relation between populations and their movements. A detailed description of these ancestral populations and potential expansions with archaeological cultures associated with certain languages will be found in the books.
Please report any errors by writing an email to [email protected], attaching the necessary information for reference – unless it is a clear mistake -, and I will correct them as soon as possible.
You can reuse and modify the images posted here as you see fit, but please cite the corresponding book and – especially if you use these high-quality images – this website (indo-european.eu) as the source. Thank you.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.PCA and ADMIXTURE of Indo-European and Uralic migrations
PCA of ancient Eurasian samples (PDF).
PCA of ancient and modern Eurasian samples (PDF).
PCA 3D of ancient Eurasian samples (HTML). Modern samples in gray.
PCA 3D of ancient and modern Eurasian samples (HTML).
PCA of ancient samples from Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic (PDF).
PCA of Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Yamnaya (PDF).
PCA of Yamnaya and coeval samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of Neolithic-Chalcolithic + Yamnaya samples (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Corded Ware (PDF).
PCA of Corded Ware and coeval samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of Neolithic-Chalcolithic + Yamnaya + CWC samples (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Bell Beakers (PDF).
PCA of Bell Beaker and coeval samples samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of Yamnaya + Bell Beaker samples (PDF).
PCA of Yamnaya + Corded Ware + Bell Beaker samples (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Steppe MLBA and South Asia (PDF).
PCA of Steppe MLBA and South Asia, labelled (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including European Bronze Age (PDF).
PCA of European Bronze Age samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Iron Age and Middle Age samples (PDF).
PCA of Iron Age and Middle Age samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of modern samples (PDF).
PCA of modern samples, with labels (PDF).
PCA of ancient Eurasian samples (PDF).
PCA of ancient and modern Eurasian samples (PDF).
PCA 3D of ancient and modern Eurasian samples (HTML).
PCA of ancient samples from Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic (PDF).
PCA of Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Yamnaya (PDF).
PCA of Yamnaya and coeval samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Corded Ware (PDF).
PCA of Corded Ware and coeval samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Bell Beakers (PDF).
PCA of Bell Beaker and coeval samples samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Steppe MLBA and South Asia (PDF).
PCA of Steppe MLBA and South Asia, labelled (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including European Bronze Age (PDF).
PCA of European Bronze Age samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of ancient samples including Iron Age and Middle Age samples (PDF).
PCA of Iron Age and Middle Age samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA of modern samples (PDF).
PCA of modern samples, with labels (PDF).
Older files:
PCA of ancient and modern Eurasian samples (PDF).
PCA of ancient and modern Eurasian samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA 3D of ancient and modern Eurasian samples (HTML).
PCA of ancient and modern European samples (PDF).
PCA of ancient and modern European samples, labelled (PDF).
PCA 3D of ancient and modern European samples (HTML).
NOTE. PC1 and PC2 have been inverted in European samples to fit the position of samples in the PCA of Eurasian individuals, which corresponds more naturally to the east–west and north–south distribution of populations.
