From Indo-European Languages

Preface

Preface to the First Edition

What's New in this Edition

Acknowledgements

Conventions used in this book

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Letters and Sounds 3 Words and their Forms 4 Nouns 5 Adjectives 6 Pronouns 7 Verbs 8 Particles 9 Proto-Indo-European Syntax 10 Appendix I: Indo-Europan in Use 11 Appendix II: Proto-Indo-European Phonology 12 Appendix III: Etymological Notes 13 Bibliography and Further Reading

Introduction

1. The Indo-European language family
2. Traditional views
3. The Theory of the Three Stages
4. The Proto-Indo-European Urheimat or Homeland
5. Other linguistic and archaeological theories
6. Relationship to other languages
7. Indo-European dialects

   Schleicher's fable

   1. Northern Indo-European dialects
   2. Southern Indo-European dialects
   3. Other Indo-European dialects of Europe
   4. Anatolian languages
8. Modern Indo-European

Letters and Sounds

1. The alphabets of Modern Indo-European
2. Classification of sounds
3. Sounds of the letters
4. Syllables
5. Quantity
6. Accent
7. Vowel change
8. Consonant change
9. Peculiarities of orthography
10. Kindred forms

Words and their Forms

1. The parts of speech
2. Inflection
3. Root, stem and base
4. Gender
5. General rules of gender
6. Vowel grade
7. Word formation
8. Compound words
9. Names of persons

Nouns

1. Declension of nouns
2. First declension
3. Second declension
4. Third declension
5. Fourth declension
6. Variable nouns
7. Vocalism before the declension
8. Vocalism in the plural
9. Accent in declension

Adjectives

1. Inflection of adjectives
2. The motion
3. Adjective specialization
4. Comparison of adjectives
5. Numerals
   1. Classification of numerals
   2. Cardinals and ordinals
   3. Declension of cardinals and ordinals
   4. Distributives
   5. Numeral adverbs
   6. Multiplicatives

Pronouns

1. About the pronouns
2. Personal pronouns
3. Reflexive pronouns
4. Possessive pronouns
5. Anaphoric pronouns
6. Demonstrative pronouns
7. Interrogative and indefinite pronouns
8. Relative pronouns
9. Other pronouns

Verbs

1. The Indo-European verb
2. Forms of the verb
3. The conjugations
4. The four stems
5. Mood stems
6. The voice
7. Noun and adjective forms
8. Conjugated examples
9. The verbal accent

Particles

1. Particles
2. Adverbs
3. Derivation of adverbs
4. Prepositions
5. Conjunctions

Proto-Indo-European Syntax

1. The sentence
2. Morphosyntax
3. Sentence modifiers
4. Verbal modifiers
5. Nominal modifiers
6. Modified forms of PIE simple sentences
7. Syntactic categories

Appendix I: Indo-Europan in Use

1. Texts translated into Modern Indo-European
   1. Pater Nos (Lord’s Prayer)
   2. Slwēje Marijā (Hail Mary)
   3. Kréddhēmi (Nicene Creed)
   4. Noudós sūnús (Parable of the Prodigal Son)
   5. Newos Bheidhos (New Testament) – Jōhanēs, 1, 1-14
2. Komtloqjom (Conversation)
3. Late PIE Lexicon
   1. English - PIE Dictionary
   2. PIE - English Dictionary

Appendix II: Proto-Indo-European Phonology

1. Dorsals: The Palatovelar Question
2. Phonetic Reconstruction
   1. Proto-Indo-European Sound Laws
   2. Consonants
   3. Vowels and syllabic consonants
3. The Laryngeal Theory
4. Laryngeals in morphology
5. Pronunciation

Appendix III: Etymological Notes

1. Proto-Indo-European Vocabulary
2. Indefinite, Demonstrative, and Personal Pronouns
   1. Indefinite Pronouns
   2. Demonstrative Pronouns
   3. Personal Pronouns
3. Word Formation: Common PIE Lengthenings and Suffixes

Bibliography and Further Reading