From Indo-European Languages

A Grammar of Modern Indo-European, Second Edition
Preface · What's New · Conventions
The Indo-European language family
Traditional views · The Theory of the Three Stages · Urheimat · Other theories · Relationship to other languages · Schleicher's fable · Northern (Europe's IE) and Southern} (Greek, Armenian, Aryan) dialects · Anatolian languages · Modern Indo-European
Letters and Sounds
Classification of sounds · Sounds of the letters · Syllables · Quantity · Accent · Vowel change · Consonant change · Peculiarities of orthography · Kindred forms
Words and Their Forms
Inflection · Root, stem and base · Gender · General rules of gender ·Vowel grade · Word formation · Compound words · Names of persons
Nouns
a-Declension · o-Declension · Nouns in i, u and diphthong · Nouns in consonant · Heteroclites · Vocalism before the declension · Vocalism in the plural · Accent in declension
Adjectives
Inflection of adjectives · The motion · Adjective specialization ·Comparison of adjectives · Numerals
Pronouns
Personal · Reflexive · Possessive · Anaphoric · Demonstrative · Interrogative and indefinite · Relative · Other
Verbs
Forms of the verb · The conjugations · The four stems · Mood stems · The voice · Noun and adjective forms · Conjugated examples · The verbal accent
Particles
Adverbs · Derivation of adverbs · Prepositions · Conjunctions
Syntax
The sentence · Morphosyntax · Sentence modifiers · Verbal modifiers · Nominal modifiers · Modified forms of PIE simple sentences · Syntactic categories

Compare the following Europe’s Indo-European words and their evolution in Germanic and Latin, with their common derivatives in Modern English.

EIE	PGmc.	O.Eng.	Latin	English (Lat.)
patḗr, father	faðer	fæder	pater	father (paternal)
septṃ, seven	sibun	seofon	septem	seven (September)
trebhō, dwell	þurp-	þorp	trabs/trabēs	thorp (trabecula)
globjō, hold, clench	klupjō	clyppe	globus	clip (globe)
bhrātēr, brother	brōþēr	brōþor	frāter	brother (fraternal)
bherō, carry	berō	bere	ferō	bear (infer)
wertō, turn	werþō	weorþe	uertō	worth (versus)
trejes, three	þrejez	þrēo	trēs	three (trinity)
dekṃ, ten	texan	ten,tien	decem	ten (decimal)
edmi, eat	et-	ete	edō	eat (edible)
dhēmi, do, make	dōmi	dōm	faciō (<dha-k-)	do (factor)
dhersō, be adroit	dersō	dearr	festus (<dhers-t-)	dare (manifest)
leuk-, light	leux-	lēoh-	lūc-	light (lucid)
kṛd-, heart	xert-	heort-	cord-	heart (core)
augō, increase	aukō	eacie	augeō	eke (augment)
gn-, know	kunnō	cunne	(g)nōtus	can (notice)
ghostis, guest	gastiz	gæst, giest	hostis	guest (hostile)
bhergh-, mountain	burg-	beorg	fortis (<forctus)?	barrow (force)
leiq-, leave	leixw-	læne	līqu-	lend (relic)
qi-/qo-, what, who	hwi- / hwo-	hwi-/hwæ-	qui- / quo-	why/what (quote)
cemjō, come	kwemjō	-cwem-	ueniō	come (venue)
cīwós, alive	kwi(k)waz	cwic	uīuus	quick (vivacity)
leghús, light	lextaz	līht, lēoht	leuis	light (levity)
chormos, warm	warmaz	wearm	formus	warm (furnace)

References

• Quiles, Carlos, López-Menchero, Fernando, A Grammar of Modern Indo-European, Second Edition, Indo-European Language Association, 2009, ISBN 9781448682065